Tremella-like N, O-codoped hierarchically porous carbon nanosheets as highperformance anode materials for high energy and ultrafast Na-ion capacitors

Nano Energy 41 (2017) 285–292

Jin Niu, Jingjing Liang, Rong Shao, Mengyue Liu, Meiling Dou, Zhilin Li, Yaqin Huang, Feng Wang,⁎

Abstract: Tremella-like hierarchically porous carbon nanosheets (HPCNS) with a carbon interlayer distance of 0.41 nm have been simply prepared via hydroxyapatite/KOH-synergetic pyrolysis of low-cost cattle bone at 550 °C. The HPCNS possesses high surface heteroatom content (17.1 at% oxygen and 6.4 at% nitrogen) due to the lowtemperature thermal treatment. The HPCNS that is tested in half-cell against metallic Na can deliver a high reversible capacity of 198.5 mAh g^-1 after 1000 cycles at the current density of 0.7 A g^-1, and maintains a capacity of 150.8 mAh g^-1 even after 10,000 cycles at the current density of 7 A g^-1. The further characterization shows that the superior rate performance and the unparalleled long-term cycling stability are attributed to the capacitive storage features of HPCNS and additional Na-ion storage via reversible formation and decomposition of metallic Na in HPCNS. Consequently, the Na-ion capacitor based on the HPCNS anode delivers

integrated high energy and power densities (105.2 W h kg^-1 at 0.07 kW kg^-1, 32.5 W h kg^-1 at an ultrahigh power density of 60.4 kW kg^-1), as well as good long-term cycling stability (85.8% of the capacitance retention after 4000 cycles at the current density of 3.5 A g^-1).